\uff0d\u3000\u5747\u7b49\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u6b63\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3000\uff0d
\n\u8457\u8005\uff1a\u3000\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\u30ca\u30fc\u3000\u3000G. Paul Edgell
\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30a2\u30bd\u30b7\u30a8\u30a4\u30c8\u3000Kurt W. Lockwood
\n\u8a33\u8005\uff1a\u3000\u5f01\u7406\u58eb\u3000\u3000\u9f8d\u83ef\u3000\u660e\u88d5\uff08Ryuka\uff09<\/p>\n
\u3000\u5f85\u671b\u306eWarner-Jenkinson Co., Inc.\u5bfeHilton Davis Chemical Co.\u5224\u6c7a\uff08No. 95-728, slip op. at 1, \u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff17\u5e74\uff13\u6708\uff13\u65e5\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7c73\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001\u7279\u8a31\u6a29\u4fb5\u5bb3\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5168\u54e1\u4e00\u81f4\u3067\u652f\u6301\u3057\u305f\u3002Ginsburg\u5224\u4e8b \u304a\u3088\u3073 Kennedy\u5224\u4e8b\u304c\u540c\u610f\u610f\u898b\uff08concurring opinion: \u591a\u6570\u610f\u898b\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3067\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u610f\u898b*\uff09\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u88c1\u5224\u306e\u524d\u306b\u9023\u90a6\u5de1\u56de\u88c1\u5224\u6240\uff08CAFC\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3092\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u966a\u5be9\u54e1\u306e\u8a55\u6c7a\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\uff08\u5f53\u6240\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a29\u30ec\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff15\u5e74\uff19\u6708\u53f7\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u3002\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5747\u7b49\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u306e\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u9023\u90a6\u5de1\u56de\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306e\u5224\u6c7a\u3092\u8986\u3057\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306e\u610f\u898b\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u66f4\u306b\u5be9\u7406\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3092\u5dee\u3057\u623b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5224\u6c7a\u6587\uff12\uff12\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u4e0a\u544a\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ec\u30d0\u30fc\u30bf\u30f3\u30af\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Graver Tank & Mfg. Co.\u5bfeLinde Air Products Co. 339 U.S. 605 (1950)\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\uff11\uff19\uff15\uff12\u5e74\u306e\u7279\u8a31\u6cd5\u6539\u6b63\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\uff08\uff11\uff09\u7279\u8a31\u6cd5\uff11\uff11\uff12\u6761\u7b2c\uff12\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u30c9\u30e9\u30d5\u30c8\u306e\u660e\u78ba\u3055\u306e\u8981\u6c42\u3001\uff08\uff12\uff09\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u30c9\u30e9\u30d5\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8aa4\u308a\u3092\u8a02\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7279\u8a31\u518d\u767a\u884c\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3001\uff08\uff13\uff09\u7279\u8a31\u624b\u7d9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7279\u8a31\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u7c73\u56fd\u7279\u8a31\u5546\u6a19\u5e81\uff08\uff30\uff34\uff2f\uff09\u306e\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\uff08\uff14\uff09”means”\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u201c\u5747\u7b49\u201d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\uff11\uff11\uff12\u6761\u7b2c\uff16\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u7279\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u9451\u307f\u3066\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306f\u6539\u6b63\u7279\u8a31\u6cd5\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001Thomas\u5224\u4e8b\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u610f\u898b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3053\u306e\u4e0a\u544a\u4eba\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u9000\u3051\u305f\u3002\u540c\uff16\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u3001\u518d\u767a\u884c\u624b\u7d9a\u304a\u3088\u3073\uff30\uff34\uff2f\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\uff11\uff19\uff15\uff12\u5e74\u7279\u8a31\u6cd5\u306f\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\uff11\uff18\uff17\uff10\u5e74\u7279\u8a31\u6cd5\u3068\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u7570\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304f\u3001\u307e\u305f\uff11\uff19\uff15\uff10\u5e74\u306e\u30b0\u30ec\u30d0\u30fc\u30bf\u30f3\u30af\u5224\u6c7a\u306f\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u8a18\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\uff13\u3064\u3092\u65e2\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u6271\u3044\u9000\u3051\u305f\u3068\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u5224\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u540c\uff16\u3001\uff17\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3002\u4e0a\u544a\u4eba\u306e\u7b2c\uff14\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001”means”\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b2c\uff11\uff11\uff12\u6761\u7b2c\uff16\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u898f\u6027\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305fHalliburton Oil Well Cementing Co.\u5bfeWalker\u5224\u6c7a\uff08329 U.S. 1 \u30011946\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u8b70\u4f1a\u304c\u5236\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u5224\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u898f\u5b9a\u306f”means”\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u6587\u8a00\u4e0a\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u304c\u5e83\u3044”means”\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u6761\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u6587\u8a00\u3067\u4e88\u3081\u72ed\u3081\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6587\u8a00\u4fb5\u5bb3\u306e\u7121\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u7121\u3044\u3068\u7406\u7531\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u3002\u540c\uff18\uff5e\uff19\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u7279\u8a31\u6cd5\u304c\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u304c\u30b0\u30ec\u30d0\u30fc\u30bf\u30f3\u30af\u5224\u6c7a\u3067\u5426\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306e\u9577\u3044\u6b74\u53f2\u304c\u652f\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002\u540c\uff19\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3002\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u3068\u300c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u306e\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u8a18\u8f09\u8981\u6c42\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u306b\u77e5\u3089\u3057\u3081\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u300d\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u3092\u8abf\u548c\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3079\u304f\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u5747\u7b49\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u5e7e\u3064\u304b\u306e\u547d\u4ee4\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u305f\u3002\u540c\uff19\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\uff11\u306b\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001\u300c\u767a\u660e\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u5f79\u5272\u300d\u304c\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7121\u3044\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306f\u767a\u660e\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u500b\u3005\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5224\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u540c\uff11\uff10\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u7b2c\uff12\u306b\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001\u88dc\u6b63\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u9650\u5b9a\u304c\u8ffd\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u88dc\u6b63\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u300c\u7279\u8a31\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3092\uff30\uff34\uff2f\u304c\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u53cd\u99c1\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u63a8\u5b9a\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3068\u5224\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7279\u8a31\u6a29\u8005\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u7279\u8a31\u6027\u3092\u5b89\u5168\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306e\u4ed6\u306b\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u9069\u5207\u306a\u7406\u7531\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u63a8\u5b9a\u3092\u8986\u3059\u7acb\u8a3c\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7279\u8a31\u6a29\u8005\u304c\u3053\u306e\u7acb\u8a3c\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7981\u53cd\u8a00\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u3044\u3002\u540c\uff11\uff14\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u7b2c\uff13\u306b\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3092\u3001\u7279\u8a31\u6a29\u306e\u6587\u8a00\u4e0a\u306e\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u6271\u3046\u7406\u7531\u306f\u7121\u3044\u3002\u300d\u3068\u5224\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5ba2\u89b3\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u306f\u4f55\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3082\u6709\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u7121\u3044\u3068\u5224\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306e\u9069\u7528\u306b\u306f\u610f\u56f3\u306e\u7acb\u8a3c\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306e\u5224\u793a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u8ad6\u306e\u5fc5\u9808\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u300c\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u5883\u754c\u300d\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001\u7279\u8a31\u3092\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8a2d\u8a08\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u52aa\u529b\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u5747\u7b49\u306e\u5224\u65ad\u306e\u52a9\u3051\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5224\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u306f\u3001\u300c\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u5b9f\u9a13\u300d\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u4ee3\u308f\u3063\u3066\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7269\u306e\u7f6e\u63db\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u5f53\u696d\u8005\u304c\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u307e\u305f\u306f\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3002\u540c\uff11\uff16\u304b\u3089\uff11\uff18\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3002<\/p>\n
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